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大众CEO奥博穆：我们造车成本比对手高30% 下一轮裁员一半在德国_我的网站
一 | 8月25日消息，据彭博社报道，大众汽车集团CEO奥博穆8月25日在沃尔夫斯堡工厂向数千名员工表示，集团下一轮人员削减中约有一半需要发生在德国，原因是公司的固定成本比竞争对手高出30%。 
Chinese scientists have developed a “brain-reading” AI model that could help predict the risk of depression among adolescents up to four years in advance by analyzing how humans respond to facial expressions, a technology expected to inspire future development of embodied intelligent humanoids capable of perceiving human emotion and thoughts through nuanced facial cues.
WHO data show that around 332 million people worldwide have depression, about one-third of whom have treatment-resistant forms of the condition. In China, an estimated 95 million people suffer from depression, National Business Daily reported, citing statistics from the China Mental Health Survey.
Using data from a population-based longitudinal adolescent cohort recruited across several European countries, the research team led by Lu Han, assistant professor at the School of Artificial Intelligence, Shenzhen University, has built an AI model that predicted which 19-year-olds were more likely to develop depression at the age of 23. The predictions were backed up by an independent clinical cohort of individuals with depression. The team’s paper was published in the journal Science Advances this month.
According to Lu, the study used brain scans taken at age 19 to predict depression-related symptoms at age 23. The study focuses on adolescence because the transition from adolescence to early adulthood is a key developmental period when depressive symptoms can increase rapidly. The earlier risks are identified, the greater the opportunity for prevention, Lu told the Global Times on Monday, adding that the findings need to be further validated in middle-aged and older adults and across different ethnic groups in future research.
In this study, the researchers analyzed data from adolescents in the IMAGEN, a population-based longitudinal cohort recruited across several European countries. At age 19, participants underwent an fMRI emotional-face task, and their emotional symptoms were assessed using standardized questionnaires. Genetic data obtained from blood samples were also analyzed, and participants were followed up at age 23. The researchers examined whether neural representations of angry faces at age 19 were associated with emotional symptoms and could predict elevated emotional symptoms four years later.
According to Lu, people without depression can more easily distinguish emotional changes based on others’ facial expressions and respond accordingly – for example, responding with friendliness to a smiling expression. But people with depression cannot do this, and are more likely to assume people are angry with them.
A brain-aligned deep-learning model developed by Lu’s team suggested that those participants whose brains were less able to distinguish between different facial emotions and tended to perceive others as angry were more likely to develop symptoms of depression and anxiety in adulthood.
The hypothesis that adolescents at risk of depression may respond differently to other people’s facial expressions than those without such risk based on the negative information processing bias long observed in depression research: people at risk of depression are more likely to notice, interpret, or remember negative social information, Lu said.
The researchers focused on angry facial expressions because they signal social threat and rejection, which are closely linked to interpersonal difficulties and negativity bias associated with depression. They hope to further understand how this bias develops within the visual system.
Building on this, they created a deep learning model, which mimics how the brain processes visual information, to predict how the brain encodes abstract emotional concepts such as anger.
They found that 19-year-olds whose response to facial expressions was skewed in favour of negative emotions or memories were the most likely to develop some form of depression.
Based on these findings, Lu’s team then developed a marker that can identify possible warning signs.
According to Lu, the study found that the computational biomarker was linked to the depression-related variant rs11123030 and polygenic risk for depression, suggesting that genetic susceptibility may affect emotional perception. It also provided predictive information beyond family stress and socioeconomic factors, complementing rather than replacing environmental risk factors. Therefore, depression is neither purely genetic nor purely psychological, but a complex mental disorder arising from the interplay of genetic susceptibility, brain development, emotional and cognitive processes, and life experiences.
According to Lu, the study is also expected to advance AI by aligning deep neural networks with human brain activity and using parameter perturbations to probe neural mechanisms, allowing models to both predict and explain how biases may arise.
The findings suggest that future affective computing and embodied AI should go beyond simply labeling facial expressions, incorporating visual details while preventing prior assumptions from overriding real-time sensory input, Lu said, adding that the findings could provide valuable insights for developing more interpretable robotic perception systems that more closely emulate the way humans process emotions.
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针对外界盛传的全球再裁5万个岗位，奥博穆澄清这只是理论测算结果，并非既定目标，同时表示关闭工厂是最后且最昂贵的选择，未来将在可能的情况下尽量采取自愿性人员调整，并希望在未来6到12个月内为德国工厂创造稳健的前景。 目前大众与部分竞争对手存在约30%的成本劣势，至少还需削减100亿欧元的间接成本，管理层正制定新方案，计划进一步削减欧洲每年50万辆的产能，同时精简管理层级、大幅压缩车型和配置版本。
不过，对待裁员，劳方态度依旧强硬，大众汽车职工委员会主席丹妮拉·卡瓦洛发表声明称，员工对管理层、特别是对CEO的信任已经受损，不过并非无法修复。 工会认为，员工正在为管理层多年来在软件、电动车和中国市场战略上的失误买单，并警告如果奥博穆不撤回计划，工会愿意考虑发动罢工。
二 | 按工会测算，最多可能有14万个岗位面临风险，包括德国已商定削减的约5万个、全球可能再裁的5万个，以及德国4家前景不明工厂涉及的约4万个。 此外，控股大众集团的保时捷-皮耶希家族已敦促管理层加快行动，警告大众正处于历史性十字路口。
三 | 2025年大众集团营业利润下滑53%至89亿欧元，2.8%的营业利润率创下柴油门以来最差纪录。按照既定安排，集团监事会9月4日将继续讨论重组方案。 值得一提的是，大众特殊的治理结构决定了奥博穆无法单方面拍板裁员，必须争取劳方和下萨克森州政府的支持，后者对重大决策拥有否决权。这场转型拉锯战，注定要旷日持久。
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Published on:16:20:40
